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SpaceX
Роскосмос
NASA
СпутникиРНSpaceXРоскосмосNASAKey messages
Vitamin B12 supplementation reduces the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, and probably improves vitamin B12 levels in children less than 12 years of age, compared to placebo (a substance that looks the same as the intervention/treatment but does not contain any active ingredient) (that is, children who did not take vitamin B12 supplements).
Vitamin B12 supplements, with other micronutrients (important vitamins and minerals the body needs in small amounts to function), may result in little to no difference in vitamin B12 deficiency or total vitamin B12 levels, compared to children who received the same supplements without vitamin B12.
The impact of vitamin B12 supplements on other health outcomes in children is less clear.
What is vitamin B12? Vitamin B12 is an important nutrient that helps make red blood cells and keep the body's cells and nerves healthy. Vitamin B12 deficiency is an important public health problem, including in children and in resource-poor settings. Lower vitamin B12 levels in children have been linked to anaemia (lower haemoglobin levels), and poorer growth, development, and cognition (a child's ability to gain knowledge through thought, understanding, and the senses). What did we want to find out?We wanted to find out if taking vitamin B12 supplements would improve the nutrition and health of children less than 12 years of age.What did we do?We searched for studies that looked at the effects of vitamin B12 compared to placebo (a substance that looks the same as the intervention/treatment but does not contain any active ingredient), no intervention, or the same supplements without vitamin B12. We summarised the results of the studies and our confidence in the evidence, based on information such as how the study was done. What did we find?We included 16 studies involving 4083 children less than 12 years of age (2 days to 11 years). Nine studies, including 2391 children, had data that we could analyse. The studies were conducted in 10 countries around the world. In most studies, the outcomes were assessed immediately after the intervention from five weeks to 31 months, with one study assessing outcomes after nine years. Vitamin B12 supplements were provided from 28 days to 31 months in amounts from 0.9 to 150 micrograms a day.Supplementation with vitamin B12 alone versus placeboThere may be little to no difference in height/length, cognition (for example, attention), or development (for example, motor skill development). Children who received vitamin B12 supplements had less vitamin B12 deficiency, and probably had higher vitamin B12 levels, compared to placebo. There may be little to no difference between groups in anaemia. No studies provided data on any unwanted (adverse) effects.Vitamin B12 alone versus no interventionThe evidence is very uncertain for height/length. No studies reported data we could analyse for other outcomes.Vitamin B12 and other micronutrients, compared to supplements with the same supplement without vitamin B12There may be little to no difference between groups for height/length, cognition (for example, attention), or development (for example, motor skill development). Children who received vitamin B12 supplementation (with other nutrients) may have little to no difference in vitamin B12 deficiency, vitamin B12 levels, anaemia, or any unwanted effects. What are the limitations of the evidence?The small number and the size of studies were limitations of this review. Few studies reported on health outcomes, including growth, cognition, development, anaemia, or any adverse effects. The different ages of children, and differences in the amount of vitamin B12 and when the outcomes were measured, are also limitations of this review. How up to date is this evidence?The evidence is up to date as of 23 September 2025.
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