The UK has pledged military assistance to Saudi Arabia as tensions with Yemen’s Houthis intensify, citing growing risks to regional trade and energy supplies.

Hostilities between Saudi Arabia and the Houthis, also known as Ansar Allah and controlling much of northern Yemen, have intensified in recent weeks after several years of relative calm. The Houthis have launched missile and drone attacks on Saudi territory, while Riyadh-backed government forces have battled the group inside Yemen.

Britain will deploy an RAF Voyager air-to-air refueling aircraft to the region following a request from Riyadh. The aircraft will provide refueling support for Saudi “defensive activity” in Yemen, the Ministry of Defence said on Tuesday.

Riyadh has reportedly sought military assistance from several countries as its stocks of missile interceptors come under pressure. US President Donald Trump reportedly considered strikes on the Houthis over the weekend after Riyadh sought direct American military action, but ultimately held off. Washington has instead provided Riyadh with intelligence and targeting data.

The Houthis have made major gains along Yemen’s Red Sea coast, seizing the port of Mokha and strategic islands around Bab el-Mandeb, the narrow strait linking the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden. The group has targeted Saudi-linked shipping and demanded that Riyadh lift its blockade of Yemen before negotiations.

Bab el-Mandeb has taken on greater importance as traffic through the Strait of Hormuz remains severely disrupted by the US-Iran war. US government data show oil flows through Hormuz fell from 21.6 million barrels per day in the fourth quarter of 2025 to 4.9 million bpd in the second quarter of this year, while volumes through Bab el-Mandeb rose from 5.4 million to 8.1 million bpd over the same period.

The disruption around Hormuz has already rattled global energy markets, while the renewed fighting in Yemen has raised concerns over another major shipping route. Brent crude surged to nearly $110 a barrel earlier this month after drone attacks forced Saudi Arabia to shut its East-West pipeline, a key route for bypassing Hormuz.

The UK is already facing renewed price pressures from the energy shock. Inflation rose to 3.1% in August, driven in part by higher fuel costs, with the Bank of England warning that it is likely to rise further over the coming quarters.

London already has personnel and air-defense equipment stationed in the kingdom and has previously taken part in strikes against the Houthis. RAF Typhoons supported by Voyager tankers joined US operations in Yemen in 2024 and 2025, after the Houthis began attacking Israel and vessels in the Red Sea during the Gaza war.

London has also provided military assistance to Saudi Arabia since a Saudi-led coalition first intervened in Yemen in 2015, after the Houthis seized the capital, Sanaa, and forced the internationally recognized government into exile.

Large-scale Saudi-Houthi fighting subsided following a UN-brokered truce in 2022, although no permanent settlement was reached. Washington and the group separately agreed to stop targeting each other under an Oman-mediated deal in May 2025.