Allen, R. J., Landuyt, W., and Rumbold, S. T.: An increase in aerosol burden and radiative effects in a warmer world, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 269–274, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2827, 2016. 

Allen, R. J., Hassan, T., Randles, C. A., and Su, H.: Enhanced land–sea warming contrast elevates aerosol pollution in a warmer world, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 300–305, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0401-4, 2019. 

Andersson, C. and Engardt, M.: European ozone in a future climate: Importance of changes in dry deposition and isoprene emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D02303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011690, 2010. 

AQEG – Air Quality Expert Group: Ozone in the UK – Recent Trends and Future Projections, https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/library/reports?report_id=1064 (last access: 12 October 2025), 2021. 

Arneth, A., Schurgers, G., Hickler, T., and Miller, P.: Effects of species composition, land surface cover, CO₂ concentration and climate on isoprene emissions from European forests, Plant Biol., 10, 150–162, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965247, 2008. 

Athanassiadou, M., Baker, J., Carruthers, D., Collins, W., Girnary, S., Hassell, D., Hort, M., Johnson, C., Johnson, K., Jones, R., Thomson, D., Trought, N., and Witham, C. S.: An assessment of the impact of climate change on air quality at two UK sites, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1877–1886, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.024, 2010. 

Banks, A., Kooperman, G. J., and Xu, Y.: Meteorological influences on anthropogenic PM_2.5 in future climates: Species level analysis in the Community Earth System Model v2, Earths Future, 10, e2021EF002298, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002298, 2022. 

Bauwens, M., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., Van Schaeybroeck, B., De Cruz, L., De Troch, R., Giot, O., Hamdi, R., Termonia, P., Laffineur, Q., Amelynck, C., Schoon, N., Heinesch, B., Holst, T., Arneth, A., Ceulemans, R., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., and Guenther, A.: Recent past (1979–2014) and future (2070–2099) isoprene fluxes over Europe simulated with the MEGAN–MOHYCAN model, Biogeosciences, 15, 3673–3690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3673-2018, 2018. 

Berglen, T. F., Berntsen, T. K., Isaksen, I. S. A., and Sundet, J. K.: A global model of the coupled sulfur/oxidant chemistry in the troposphere: The sulfur cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003948, 2004. 

Bergström, R., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Prévôt, A. S. H., Yttri, K. E., and Simpson, D.: Modelling of organic aerosols over Europe (2002–2007) using a volatility basis set (VBS) framework: application of different assumptions regarding the formation of secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8499–8527, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8499-2012, 2012. 

Carruthers, D. J., Holroyd, R. J., Hunt, J. C. R., Weng, W. S., Robins, A. G., Apsley, D. D., Thomson, D. J., and Smith, F. B.: UK-ADMS: a new approach to modelling dispersion in the Earth's atmospheric boundary layer, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 52, 139–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90044-2, 1994. 

Colette, A., Andersson, C., Baklanov, A., Bessagnet, B., Brandt, J., Christensen, J. H., Doherty, R. M., Engardt, M., Geels, C., Giannakopoulos, G., Hedegaard, G. B., Katragkou, E., Langner, J., Lei, H., Manders, A., Melas, D., Meleux, F., Rouïl, L., Sofiev, M., Soares, J., Stevenson, D. S., Tombrou-Tzella, M., Varotsos, K. V., and Young, P. J.: Is the ozone climate penalty robust in Europe?, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 084015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084015, 2015. 

Collins, W. J., Bellouin, N., Doutriaux-Boucher, M., Gedney, N., Halloran, P., Hinton, T., Hughes, J., Jones, C. D., Joshi, M., Liddicoat, S., Martin, G., O'Connor, F., Rae, J., Senior, C., Sitch, S., Totterdell, I., Wiltshire, A., and Woodward, S.: Development and evaluation of an Earth-System model – HadGEM2, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 1051–1075, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-1051-2011, 2011. 

Dawson, J. P., Adams, P. J., and Pandis, S. N.: Sensitivity of PM_2.5 to climate in the Eastern US: a modeling case study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4295–4309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4295-2007, 2007. 

Do, N. T. N., Sudo, K., Ito, A., Emmons, L. K., Naik, V., Tsigaridis, K., Seland, Ø., Folberth, G. A., and Kelley, D. I.: Historical trends and controlling factors of isoprene emissions in CMIP6 Earth system models, Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2079–2109, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2079-2025, 2025. 

Doherty, R. M. and Liu, Z.: Dataset for “From Continental to Street Scales: Climate Change Impacts on Atmospheric Composition over Europe and London”, in: From Continental to Street Scales: Climate Change Impacts on Atmospheric Composition over Europe and London, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21133558, 2026. 

Doherty, R. M., Wild, O., Shindell, D. T., Zeng, G., MacKenzie, I. A., Collins, W. J., Fiore, A. M., Stevenson, D. S., Dentener, F. J., Schultz, M. G., Hess, P., Derwent, R. G., and Keating, T. J.: Impacts of climate change on surface ozone and intercontinental ozone pollution: a multi-model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 3744–3763, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50266, 2013. 

Doherty, R. M., Heal, M. R., and O'Connor, F. M.: Climate change impacts on human health over Europe through its effect on air quality, Environ. Health, 16, 118, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0325-2, 2017. 

Doherty, R. M., O'Connor, F. M., and Turnock, S. T.: Projections of future air quality are uncertain, but which source of uncertainty is most important?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2022JD037948, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037948, 2022. 

Emberson, L.: Effects of ozone on agriculture, forests and grasslands, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 378, 20190327, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0327, 2020. 

ENTEC: Defra UK ship emissions inventory, final report, http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/reports/cat15/1012131459_21897_Final_Report_291110.pdf (last access: 1 December 2016), 2010. 

Finney, D., Doherty, R., Wild, O., Stevenson, D., MacKenzie, I., and Blyth, A. M.: A projected decrease in lightning under climate change, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 210–213, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0072-6, 2018. 

Fiore, A. M., Naik, V., Spracklen, D. V., Steiner, A., Unger, N., Prather, M., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P. J., Cionni, I., Collins, W. J., Dalsøren, S., Eyring, V., Folberth, G. A., Ginoux, P., Horowitz, L. W., Josse, B., Lamarque, J.-F., MacKenzie, I. A., Nagashima, T., O'Connor, F. M., Righi, M., Rumbold, S. T., Shindell, D. T., Skeie, R. B., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., Takemura, T., and Zeng, G.: Global air quality and climate, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6663–6683, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35095E, 2012. 

Fiore, A. M., Milly, G. P., Hancock, S. E., Quiñones, L., Bowden, J. H., Helstrom, E., Lamarque, J.-F., Schnell, J., West, J. J., and Xu, Y.: Characterizing changes in eastern U. S. pollution events in a warming world, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035985, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035985, 2022. 

Fu, T. M. and Tian, H.: Climate change penalty to ozone air quality: review of current understandings and knowledge gaps, Curr. Pollut. Rep., 5, 159–171, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00115-6, 2019. 

GLA – Greater London Authority: London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (LAEI), https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/london-atmospheric-emissions-inventory-2010 (last access: 7 December 2017), 2013. 

Gomez, J., Allen, R. J., Turnock, S. T., Horowitz, L. W., Tsigaridis, K., Bauer, S. E., Olivié, D., Thomson, E. S., and Ginoux, P.: The projected future degradation in air quality is caused by more abundant natural aerosols in a warmer world, Commun. Earth Environ., 4, 22, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00688-7, 2023. 

Guenther, A., Hewitt, C., Erickson, D., Fall, R., Geron, C., Graedel, T., Harley, P., Klinger, L., Lerdau, M., McKay, W., Pierce, T., Scholes, R., Steinbrecher, R., Tallamraju, R., Taylor, J., and Zimmerman, P.: A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8873–8892, 1995. 

Hood, C., MacKenzie, I., Stocker, J., Johnson, K., Carruthers, D., Vieno, M., and Doherty, R.: Air quality simulations for London using a coupled regional-to-local modelling system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11221–11245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11221-2018, 2018. 

Huang, K., Wu, D., Liu, D., Duan, Y., Dörsch, P., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Fang, X., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Yu, H., Qu, L., Xu, J., Gurmesa, G. A., Kang, R., Peng, S., Hobbie, E. A., Ju, X., Hu, S., Phillips, O. L., Gundersen, P., Zhu, W., Homyak, P. M., and Fang, Y.: Climate warming reduces soil gaseous nitrogen losses in a temperate forest, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 122, e2513401122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2513401122, 2025. 

Jacob, D. J. and Winner, D. A.: Effect of climate change on air quality, Atmos. Environ., 43, 51–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.051, 2009. 

Joge, S. D., Mansour, K., Simó, R., Galí, M., Steiner, N., Saiz-Lopez, A., and Mahajan, A. S.: Climate warming increases global oceanic dimethyl sulfide emissions, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 122, e2502077122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2502077122, 2025. 

Johnson, C. E., Collins, W. J., Stevenson, D. S., and Derwent, R. G.: Relative roles of climate and emissions changes on future tropospheric oxidant concentrations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 18631–18645, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900204, 1999. 

Jones, C. D., Hughes, J. K., Bellouin, N., Hardiman, S. C., Jones, G. S., Knight, J., Liddicoat, S., O'Connor, F. M., Andres, R. J., Bell, C., Boo, K.-O., Bozzo, A., Butchart, N., Cadule, P., Corbin, K. D., Doutriaux-Boucher, M., Friedlingstein, P., Gornall, J., Gray, L., Halloran, P. R., Hurtt, G., Ingram, W. J., Lamarque, J.-F., Law, R. M., Meinshausen, M., Osprey, S., Palin, E. J., Parsons Chini, L., Raddatz, T., Sanderson, M. G., Sellar, A. A., Schurer, A., Valdes, P., Wood, N., Woodward, S., Yoshioka, M., and Zerroukat, M.: The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 543–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011, 2011. 

Kesik, M., Brüggemann, N., Forkel, R., Kiese, R., Knoche, R., Li, C., Seufert, G., Simpson, D. W., and Butterbach-Bahl, K.: Future scenarios of N₂O and NO emissions from European forest soils, J. Geophys. Res., 111, G02018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000115, 2006. 

Kirtman, B., Power, S. B., Adedoyin, J. A., Boer, G. J., Bojariu, R., Camilloni, I., Doblas-Reyes, F. J., Fiore, A. M., Kimoto, M., Meehl, G. A., Prather, M., Sarr, A., Schär, C., Sutton, R., van Oldenborgh, G. J., Vecchi, G., and Wang, H. J.: Near-term Climate Change: Projections and Predictability, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter11_FINAL.pdf (last access: 1 November 2025), 2013. 

Lacressonnière, G., Peuch, V.-H., Vautard, R., Arteta, J., Déqué, M., Joly, M., Josse, B., Marécal, V., and Saint-Martin, D.: European air quality in the 2030s and 2050s: Impacts of global regional emission trends and of climate change, Atmos. Environ., 92, 348–358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.033, 2014. 

Lacressonnière, G., Foret, G., Beekmann, M., Siour, G., Engardt, M., Gauss, M., Watson, L., Andersson, C., Colette, A., Josse, B., Marécal, V., Nyiri, A., and Vautard, R.: Impacts of regional climate change on air quality projections and associated uncertainties, Climatic Change, 136, 309–324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1619-z, 2016. 

Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T. C., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Heil, A., Klimont, Z., Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Owen, B., Schultz, M. G., Shindell, D., Smith, S. J., Stehfest, E., Van Aardenne, J., Cooper, O. R., Kainuma, M., Mahowald, N., McConnell, J. R., Naik, V., Riahi, K., and van Vuuren, D. P.: Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7017–7039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010, 2010. 

Langner, J., Engardt, M., Baklanov, A., Christensen, J. H., Gauss, M., Geels, C., Hedegaard, G. B., Nuterman, R., Simpson, D., Soares, J., Sofiev, M., Wind, P., and Zakey, A.: A multi-model study of impacts of climate change on surface ozone in Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10423–10440, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10423-2012, 2012. 

Laville, P., Flura, D., Gabrielle, B., Loubet, B., Fanucci, O., Rolland, M. N., and Cellier, P.: Characterisation of soil emissions of nitric oxide at field and laboratory scale using high resolution method, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2648–2658, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.043, 2009. 

Lin, C., Heal, M. R., Vieno, M., MacKenzie, I. A., Armstrong, B. G., Butland, B. K., Milojevic, A., Chalabi, Z., Atkinson, R. W., Stevenson, D. S., Doherty, R. M., and Wilkinson, P.: Spatiotemporal evaluation of EMEP4UK-WRF v4.3 atmospheric chemistry transport simulations of health-related metrics for NO₂, O₃, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 for 2001–2010, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1767–1787, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1767-2017, 2017. 

Lin, G., Penner, J. E., and Zhou, C.: How will SOA change in the future?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 1718–1726, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067137, 2016. 

Liu, J., Wang, X., Wu, D., Ji, M., Wei, H., and Li, Y.: Historical footprints and future projections of global dust burden from bias-corrected CMIP6 models, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 7, 1, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00550-9, 2024. 

Lu, X., Zhang, L., and Shen, L.: Meteorology and climate influences on tropospheric ozone: a review of natural sources, chemistry, and transport patterns, Curr. Pollut. Rep., 5, 238–260, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00118-3, 2019. 

Malkin, T. L., Heard, D. E., Hood, C., Stocker, J., Carruthers, D., MacKenzie, I. A., Doherty, R. M., Vieno, M., Lee, J., Kleffmann, J., Laufs, S., and Whalley, L. K.: Assessing chemistry schemes and constraints in air quality models used to predict ozone in London against the detailed Master Chemical Mechanism, Faraday Discuss., 189, 589–616, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00218D, 2016. 

Meinshausen, M., Smith, S. J., Calvin, K., Daniel, J. S., Kainuma, M. L. T., Lamarque, J.-F., Matsumoto, K., Montzka, S. A., Raper, S. C. B., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Velders, G. J. M., and van Vuuren, D. P.: The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2500, Climatic Change, 109, 213–241, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z, 2011. 

MOHC – Met Office Hadley Centre: WCRP CMIP5: Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) HadGEM2-ES model output collection, Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/216becee8a6844ba8f8f98b9f075a635 (last access: 8 December 2025), 2012. 

Murphy, J. M., Harris, G. R., Sexton, D. M. H., Kendon, E. J., Bett, P. E., Clark, R. T., Eagle, K. E., Fosser, G., Fung, F., Lowe, J., McDonald, R. E., McInnes, R. N., McSweeney, C. F., Mitchell, J. F. B., Rostron, J. W., Thornton, H. E., Tucker, S., and Yamazaki, K.: UKCP18 Land Projections: Science Report, Met Office, https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/pub/data/weather/uk/ukcp18/science-reports/UKCP18-Land-report.pdf (last access: 10 September 2024), 2018. 

Ots, R., Young, D. E., Vieno, M., Xu, L., Dunmore, R. E., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Williams, L. R., Herndon, S. C., Ng, N. L., Hamilton, J. F., Bergström, R., Di Marco, C., Nemitz, E., Mackenzie, I. A., Kuenen, J. J. P., Green, D. C., Reis, S., and Heal, M. R.: Simulating secondary organic aerosol from missing diesel-related intermediate-volatility organic compound emissions during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6453–6473, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6453-2016, 2016. 

Pan, X., Ichoku, C., Chin, M., Bian, H., Darmenov, A., Colarco, P., Ellison, L., Kucsera, T., da Silva, A., Wang, J., Oda, T., and Cui, G.: Six global biomass burning emission datasets: intercomparison and application in one global aerosol model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 969–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-969-2020, 2020. 

Park, I. H. and Yeh, S. W.: Projections of the North Atlantic warming hole can be constrained using ocean surface density as an emergent constraint, Commun. Earth Environ., 5, 98, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01269-y, 2024. 

Pye, H. O. T., Liao, H., Wu, S., Mickley, L. J., Jacob, D. J., Henze, D. K., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of changes in climate and emissions on future sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosol levels in the United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D01205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010701, 2009. 

Racherla, P. N. and Adams, P. J.: Sensitivity of global tropospheric ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations to climate change, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D24103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006939, 2006. 

RS – The Royal Society: Effects of net-zero policies and climate change on air quality, The Royal Society, ISBN 978-1-78252-558-5, https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/air-quality/air-quality-and-climate-change-report.pdf (last access: 10 December 2025), 2021. 

Schnell, J. L., Prather, M. J., Josse, B., Naik, V., Horowitz, L. W., Zeng, G., Shindell, D. T., and Faluvegi, G.: Effect of climate change on surface ozone over North America, Europe, and East Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 3509–3518, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068060, 2016. 

Shindell, D. T., Faluvegi, G., Koch, D. M., Schmidt, G. A., Unger, N., and Bauer, S. E.: Improved attribution of climate forcing to emissions, Science, 326, 716–718, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1174760, 2009. 

Silva, R. A., West, J. J., Lamarque, J.-F., Shindell, D. T., Collins, W. J., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G. A., Horowitz, L. W., Nagashima, T., Naik, V., Rumbold, S. T., Sudo, K., Takemura, T., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P., Doherty, R. M., Josse, B., MacKenzie, I. A., Stevenson, D. S., and Zeng, G.: Future global mortality from changes in air pollution attributable to climate change, Nat. Clim. Change, 7, 647–651, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3354, 2017. 

Simpson, D., Benedictow, A., Berge, H., Bergström, R., Emberson, L. D., Fagerli, H., Flechard, C. R., Hayman, G. D., Gauss, M., Jonson, J. E., Jenkin, M. E., Nyíri, A., Richter, C., Semeena, V. S., Tsyro, S., Tuovinen, J.-P., Valdebenito, Á., and Wind, P.: The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model – technical description, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7825–7865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7825-2012, 2012. 

Simpson, D., Tsyro, S., and Wind, P.: Updates to the EMEP/MSC-W model, in: Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components. EMEP Status Report 1/2015, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway, 129–138, https://emep.int/publ/reports/2015/EMEP_Status_Report_1_2015.pdf (last access: 12 October 2025), 2015. 

Smith, S. E., Stocker, J., Seaton, M., and Carruthers, D.: Model inter-comparison and validation study of ADMS plume chemistry schemes, Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 62, 395–406, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2017.089427, 2017. 

Stocker, J., Hood, C., Carruthers, D., and McHugh, C.: ADMS-Urban: developments in modelling dispersion from the city scale to the local scale, Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 50, 308–316, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2012.051202, 2012. 

Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., and Meehl, G. A.: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 485–498, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1, 2012. 

Thornhill, G., Collins, W., Olivié, D., Skeie, R. B., Archibald, A., Bauer, S., Checa-Garcia, R., Fiedler, S., Folberth, G., Gjermundsen, A., Horowitz, L., Lamarque, J.-F., Michou, M., Mulcahy, J., Nabat, P., Naik, V., O'Connor, F. M., Paulot, F., Schulz, M., Scott, C. E., Séférian, R., Smith, C., Takemura, T., Tilmes, S., Tsigaridis, K., and Weber, J.: Climate-driven chemistry and aerosol feedbacks in CMIP6 Earth system models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1105–1126, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1105-2021, 2021. 

Turnock, S. T., Allen, R. J., Andrews, M., Bauer, S. E., Deushi, M., Emmons, L., Good, P., Horowitz, L., John, J. G., Michou, M., Nabat, P., Naik, V., Neubauer, D., O'Connor, F. M., Olivié, D., Oshima, N., Schulz, M., Sellar, A., Shim, S., Takemura, T., Tilmes, S., Tsigaridis, K., Wu, T., and Zhang, J.: Historical and future changes in air pollutants from CMIP6 models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14547–14579, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14547-2020, 2020. 

Turnock, S. T., Allen, R., Archibald, A. T., Dalvi, M., Folberth, G. A., Griffiths, P. T., Keeble, J., Robertson, E., and O'Connor, F. M.: The future climate and air quality response from different near-term climate forcer, climate, and land-use scenarios using UKESM1, Earths Future, 10, e2022EF002687, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002687, 2022. 

Venkatram, A., Karamchandani, P., Pai, P., and Goldstein, R.: The development and application of a simplified ozone modeling system (SOMS), Atmos. Environ., 28, 3665–3678, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00190-V, 1994. 

Vieno, M., Dore, A. J., Stevenson, D. S., Doherty, R., Heal, M. R., Reis, S., Hallsworth, S., Tarrason, L., Wind, P., Fowler, D., Simpson, D., and Sutton, M. A.: Modelling surface ozone during the 2003 heat-wave in the UK, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7963–7978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7963-2010, 2010. 

Vieno, M., Heal, M. R., Hallsworth, S., Famulari, D., Doherty, R. M., Dore, A. J., Tang, Y. S., Braban, C. F., Leaver, D., Sutton, M. A., and Reis, S.: The role of long-range transport and domestic emissions in determining atmospheric secondary inorganic particle concentrations across the UK, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8435–8447, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8435-2014, 2014. 

Vieno, M., Heal, M. R., Williams, M. L., Carnell, E. J., Nemitz, E., Stedman, J. R., and Reis, S.: The sensitivities of emissions reductions for the mitigation of UK PM_2.5, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 265–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-265-2016, 2016. 

Watson, L. A., Shallcross, D. E., Utembe, S. R., and Jenkin, M. E.: A Common Representative Intermediates (CRI) mechanism for VOC degradation, Part 2: Gas phase mechanism reduction, Atmos. Environ., 42, 7196–7204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.034, 2008. 

West, J. J., Smith, S. J., Silva, R. A., Naik, V., Zhang, Y., Adelman, Z., Fry, M. M., Anenberg, S. C., Horowitz, L. W., and Lamarque, J.-F.: Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 885–889, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2009, 2013. 

World Health Organization: WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, World Health Organization, Geneva, ISBN 9789240034228, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240034228 (last access: 11 December 2025), 2021. 

Wu, S., Mickley, L. J., Leibensperger, E. M., Jacob, D. J., Rind, D., and Streets, D. G.: Effects of 2000–2050 global change on ozone air quality in the United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D06302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008917, 2008. 

Young, P. J., Archibald, A. T., Bowman, K. W., Lamarque, J.-F., Naik, V., Stevenson, D. S., Tilmes, S., Voulgarakis, A., Wild, O., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P., Cionni, I., Collins, W. J., Dalsøren, S. B., Doherty, R. M., Eyring, V., Faluvegi, G., Horowitz, L. W., Josse, B., Lee, Y. H., MacKenzie, I. A., Nagashima, T., Plummer, D. A., Righi, M., Rumbold, S. T., Skeie, R. B., Shindell, D. T., Strode, S. A., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and Zeng, G.: Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2063–2090, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2063-2013, 2013. 

Zanis, P., Akritidis, D., Turnock, S., Naik, V., Szopa, S., Georgoulias, A. K., Bauer, S. E., Deushi, M., Horowitz, L. W., Keeble, J., Le Sager, P., O'Connor, F. M., Oshima, N., Tsigaridis, K., and van Noije, T.: Climate change penalty and benefit on surface ozone: A global perspective based on CMIP6 Earth system models, Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 024014, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4a34, 2022.  

Zeng, G. and Pyle, J. A.: Changes in tropospheric ozone between 2000 and 2100 modeled in a chemistry-climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1392, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016708, 2003. 

Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Bie, S., Bilsback, K. R, Jeffrey, R. Pierce, J. R., and Chen, Y.: Changes in global DMS production driven by increased CO₂ levels and its impact on radiative forcing, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 7, 18, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00563-y, 2024.